A domain name is an address in the cyberspace. It is your custom name on the Internet. It allows Domain Name System (DNS) computers to identify your website when Internet users are searching for it. An example of a domain name is: "Yourdomain.cc". Each .CC domain name is unique and there will not be duplication.

.CC is a premium, international top-level domain (TLD) that works worldwide on the internet just like .com, .net and .org. ALL DNS, domain name servers, in the world recognize .CC, just like .com. Country codes were assigned by the International Standards Organization (ISO), and then some of these were adopted by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) for use as a global Top Level Domains. .CC is the country code for the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, a distinct political entity that is administered by Australia. However, the .CC TLD is administered in the United States and managed by an American Company.

.BIZ is the world's first Internet-based environment dedicated to the business community. .BIZ gives you the opportunity to get the best business name, expand your online presence and protect your company name, brand name or trademark.

.INFO is for businesses and individuals. .INFO is where people go for information. It's ideal for sharing knowledge on issues and ideas and for providing information on products or services in an easy-to-remember way.

.COM/.NET/.ORG is the first generic top-level domain in the Internet world and also the most favorite gTLD using by the Internet user nowadays.

An URL (Uniform Resource Locator) identifies your computer's location on the Internet. It is your full domain name. An example of a URL is http://www.yourdomain.cc.

As the registrant, you have the exclusive right to use your domain name for a specific period of time. (Registrant is the person or organization) You as the registrant have the control over the domain as per the terms and conditions of the Registration Agreement.

By registering a domain name with us, you not only get the domain name you want. You also entitled our value added services and products include Free website design, Free URL forwarding, Free e-mail forwarding, Free sub-domain, Free DNS Hosting and Free under construction page.

The cost of a domain name depends on the length of time a domain name is registered for or term of registration. You are not necessarily lost your domain after the term expires. You have the right to renew your domain and select another term, if desired.

To determine the availability of the domain name, you have to access the WHOIS function. Enter the domain name in the text box on that page, the system will normally inform you of its availability and give you an opportunity to search for other available names.

Letters and numbers are always valid characters in a Domain name. Hyphens may also be used in Web Address, but may not begin nor end your Domain name. Spaces and special characters, such as question marks (?), exclamation points (!), and underscores (_) are never permitted in Domain names. A domain name can be between 2 and 47 Romanise characters long.

The password will enable you to modify your account. Passwords will be emailed to you after full payment has been received for the domain name. You can access to the account with the password. You need to access to the DNS function where you can choose other sub-functions such as modifying your URL forwarding, setting your domain name servers, modifying your email contact, or modifying your password. All changes will take up to 24 hours to processed.

It is very important that you keep your registration contact information current. You can refer to the question “What can I do with my password?”

You will be notified via email to renew your domain name. You can also login to our website to renew your domain name.

E-mail forwarding is normally offered for all paid domain names. For e-mail forwarding to work you must have a pre-existing e-mail account such as (anyone@domain.com). We will then forward any e-mail that is addressed to (xxxx@yourdomain.cc) to (anyone@domain.com). It does not matter what you have before the @ symbol, it will all be forwarded to your pre-existing e-mail account and there is no extra setup that must be done.

If you do not indicate where you would like to forward the domain to a specific host server, it will normally be "parked" at a server for you. The domain will remain on these servers until you forward them to somewhere else. If someone tries to access the domain, an "Under Construction" page will appear on the screen. Once you have found a host for your website, the hosting company will be able to transfer your domain to their server.

No, not unless the trademark or the famous name is owned by you in the first place. Please consult with an attorney regarding such matters.

We are not responsible for your typographical errors. We are not responsible for information that you enter in incorrectly, regardless of the reason. PLEASE double and triple check the spelling of the domain(s) you are registering. We cannot correct misspelled domains; if you want the correct spelling, you will have to purchase it at regular price (assuming that it is available).

Domain Transfer is a process to transfer / change your domain registration from your existing Registrar to another new Registrar. Currently, our system support for the domain transfer of .com, .net, .org, .biz and .info.

From the domain web page, click on the "Domain Transfer" link. This will take you to the Domain Transfer Tool, which will take you through the process of transferring your domain.

There are no hidden costs to transfer your domain name to us. All you need to pay is the renewal duration that will be added to the current expiration date for your domain name.

It normally takes 2 -10 business days to successfully transfer your domain to our servers. If you requested a transfer of your domain more than ten (10) days ago and haven't heard anything back from us, please contact us for assistance.

Extension of one-year term will in addition to any time you currently have remaining on your domain.

Absolutely not! When you transfer your domain, the only changes to your domain are the Registrar and not others. You are still the owner of your domain, and retain full administrative control at all times.

No. You can transfer/renew at any time and all of the existing time with your current registrar will be transferred over with your domain name. In fact, we would advise you to transfer your domain to us at least 2 weeks prior to expiry, to avoid any unnecessary delay and take the risk of losing it.

If the e-mail address of the current administrative contact for the domain is invalid, you won’t receive the confirmation e-mail and won’t be able to confirm the transfer.

The losing registrar can deny a transfer for several reasons: if the domain is not paid for, if the domain is less than 60 days old, or if the domain is involved in a legal dispute

• Domain is not paid for: If your domain is due to for renewal with the losing registrar, you have up until the day before the renewal date to complete the transfer of your domain. After that, you will have to pay the losing registrars’ renewal fee before you will be able to transfer your domain.
• Domain is less than 60 days old: A domain cannot be transferred with the first 60 days after it has been registered. Transfer within the first 60 days will be automatically declined by the losing Registrar.
• Domain is involved in a legal dispute: If your domain is the subject of a litigation matter, involved in a bankruptcy proceeding, trademark dispute over the identity of the registrant, the losing registrar will refuse to transfer your domain.

If a domain is transferred within the 45-calendar day after the renewal date, then the renewal year added by Losing Registrar is dropped. The Gaining Registrar will adds one year to the domain name's expiration date.

No. Changing the registrar entry for your domain on the root servers is immediate.

Yes. Batch Transfers allowed.

Yes, starting 29th April 2003, we will offer domain transfer service for .biz and .info domain name. You can perform a registrar transfer of .biz/.info domain name. Upon successful of transfer, we will add an additional 1 year to your registration term.

There is a slight different for the process. For .biz and .info transfer, you will need your Authorization Info to initiate the .biz/.info transfer. Authorization Info can be obtained from your existing registrar.

From the domain web page, click on the "Domain Transfer" link to initiate your transfer, as per steps below:
1. Fill in the domain name that you would like to transfer and also the Authorization Info. In the event that you do not have the Authorization Info, please contact your current sponsoring Registrar to request the domain's <AUTHINFO> or Authorization Info, which we will need in order to initiate the transfer process for your domain.
2. If the Authorization Info is valid, the domain name will be submit to Registry and Losing Registrar.
3. It will then take another 2 - 10 business days for the transfer process to complete. We will notify you on the status via email.

An <AUTHINFO>, <AUTH>, or authorization code is a 6- to 16-character "password" assigned by a sponsoring Registrar. It identifies your domain name in Registry. No .biz or .info domain name transfer request can be successfully executed without it.

You will have to contact your current sponsoring Registrar to request for the domain's <AUTHINFO> or Authorization Info. Registrants are advised to keep their authorization Information confidential to avoid unauthorized transfers of domain names.

In the event that we are your domain's current sponsoring registrar, please contact us for the Authorization Code.

The process to update the status will be different for Registrars. Please make sure that the administrative contact email address for your domain is correct before you submit your transfer request, or you will experience unnecessary delays.

Guide to modify domain name information at Network Solutions Inc. (NSI)
To login to NSI for management of domain name account information, please follow the steps as below:

Step 1: Login to account

Browse http://www.nsi.com/

At NSI homepage, login to account with Username/Account # and Password at 'CUSTOMER LOG IN'.

Step 2: Select domain name

You will be forwarded to 'Account Summary' page

You will be able to view the domain names that under your Username/Account.

Click on the domain name that you would like to do the changes to start your change of information.

Step 3: Modify domain contact information

Select 'Edit Contacts/Manage DNS'.

Select 'Account Holder (Registrant) and Account Contact', click on 'EDIT INFO'. You will be forwarded to a page that enables you to refill the information, including E-mail.

After updating, select 'Continue' to update your changes.

If you are having trouble on updating the information, you can contact their support at customerservice@networksolutions.com for further assistance.


Guide to modify domain name information at Tucows
To login to Tucows for management of domain name account information, please follow the steps as below:

Step 1: Login to account

Browse http://www.manage.opensrs.net/

You may login to account with Domain Name, Login ID and Password information

Step 2: Modify domain contact information

After login, list of domain name information will be available.

To modify the Registrant contact information, click on "Organization Contact". It will bring you to next page to view and modify your current Whois information.

After modified, click on "Save Configuration" to save your update.


Guide to modify domain name information at eNOM
To login to eNOM for management of domain name account information, please follow the steps as below:

Step 1: Login to account

Browse http://www.enom.com/

At eNOM homepage, select 'my enom' at menu on left.

You may login to account with Login ID and Password.

Step 2: Select domain name

Fill in the domain name that you would like to manage at "Quickly manage this domain" and click "go".

Current DNS of domain name will be shown. At the bottom, list of activities of domain name are listed.

Step 3: Modify domain contact information

To modify the contact information, click on "Contact/Whois Information". It will bring you next page to view your current Whois information.

To modify the information, scroll down and you shall see the fields for you to change the contact information, including email address.

After modified, click on "save changes" to save your update.

Some of the Registrar perform Domain Hold/Lock feature to prevent unauthorized transfer. Therefore if your domain is hold/lock, you might need to change your domain status before transfer.

Guide to unlock domain name at Tucows
Step 1: Login to account

Browse http://www.manage.opensrs.net/

You may login to account with Domain Name, Login ID and Password information

Step 2: To lock/unlock the domain name

Select "Domain Locking"

You will be able to view the information and status of domain name, but not able to perform any changes. You need to contact your domain supplier for assistance.

Guide to unlock domain name at eNOM
Step 1: Login to account

Browse http://www.enom.com/

At eNOM homepage, select 'my enom' at menu on left.

You may login to account with Login ID and Password.

Step 2: Select domain name

Fill in the domain name that you would like to manage at "Quickly manage this domain" and click "go".

Current DNS of domain name will be shown. At the bottom, list of activities of domain name are listed.

Step 3: To lock/unlock the domain name

To unlock the domain name, select "Set Reg-lock/Auto-renew Options". You shall be able to lock/unlock your domain name using this feature by tick/un-tick the option.

Click on "save changes" to update your information.

Some of the Current Registrar will send another authorization email to Registrant/administrative contact for authorization. Therefore you might need to respond to the email accordingly in order for you to complete the transfer. Please read the email carefully as failure to comply with the request of Current Registrar will cause failure/rejection in domain transfer.

Attached together, we have examples of Current Registrar authorization emails. You may read it for your reference:

If you are transfer away from Network Solutions Inc., please read this important information.

If you are transfer away from Tucows, please read this important information.

Unified Login is a new feature, which allows ONE User ID and Password to manage all your domain names. In other word, no individual password required to manage each domain name. It eases the process of domain name management.

System will require a User ID and Password to be created during new domain name registration. Select 'New Customer', fill in the User ID and password you prefer to create Unified Login account.

Remember your previous User ID and password, select 'Existing Customer', fill in your ID and password, system will forward you to following registration page to continue with registration if the ID and password is accurate. The domain name register will therefore add to your account.

We have 'Add domains to my user account' feature for you to add domain name to the Unified Login. Login to Web Address Manager, select 'Existing User Login' to login to your account, you will be able to view the feature then.

This might due to:
- Your domain name password is incorrect
- The domain name is not registered with the same registrar
Please confirm the information mentioned above and try again.

We have a feature for our previous registrants to create Unified Login account. Select Web Address Manager, select 'Create New User ID', choose the User ID your prefer and key in your existing domain name and password. System will create the ID if authentication of domain name is successful.

Once you have created the Unified Login, all you previous domain names password will be changed to your login password. By the way, you only required Unified Login password to manage all you domain names.

It is compulsory for all customers to create Unified Login in order to manage their domain names.

No worry, select Web Address Manager and click on 'Forgot password', fill in your User ID and one of the domain name in account to retrieve the password. An email will be sent to the Registrant email of your domain name to confirm your ID and password.

During registration, the Registrant, Administrative and Technical Contact information for that particular domain name will be recorded and a Domain Handler of that domain name will be created. In future, if you would like to register a domain name with similar contact information, just select that Domain Handler. System will automatically load the domain information in registration form, therefore you are not require to fill the information.

The Change of Registrant process allows the NEW OWNER to change the Registrant or ownership details of a domain name in real time. Please noted the process is subject to validation of following:

• The change of Registrant currently is only applicable for .com/.net/.org/.info/.biz/.cn domain name only.
• As the Current Registrant, you must have possession of the User ID and password for the domain to perform the Change of Registrant The Change of Registrant process is only applicable for domain names registered or managed directly by WEBCC. Therefore domain name that registered with Previous Registrar (such as OnlineNIC) is not able to perform this function.

1. To initiate the Change of Registrant request the Current Registrant will need to access Domain Manager, login with User ID and Password
2. This will transfer the user to a domain management page
3. Select the domain that would like to change the Registrant information from the domain name list
4. Select Change of Registrant function
5. The Current Registrant will be required to fill in the NEW Registrant information and assign New User ID and password / transfer to another User ID (optional should the change will use the existing User ID)
6. Click on 'update' and the change of owner will be performed immediately.

1. Current Registrant shall provide New User ID and password to New Registrant
2. New Registrant should login to Domain Manager to modify the User ID password and other domain name information accordingly.

Yes, a confirmation email notice to the Registrant contact email address* will be generated to advise on the Change of Registrant. The previous owner has 48 hours from the time the confirmation email has been received to dispute the case by return email.

If the change is disputed, WEBCC Ltd will revert the domain to its previous Registrant without further question. The current and new Registrant of the domain name should be responsible for any dispute caused thereof.

Note: * Refer to the Registrant contact email in WEBCC database during the change take effect.

Name protection shall prevent unwanted registrar transfer, reseller transfer, DNS change and domain name deletion. This shall always ensure your domain name status will not be changed without prior getting your approval.

Name Protection works instantly and automatically upon every successful domain name registration and transfer starting on 14th April 2002, if Name Protection option is active.

If Name Protection option is active, Name Protection works automatically upon successful registration or transfer in Quick Start, Partner Central or Private Label. The domain name will be protected automatically by system. However for domain name registration or transfer before date 14th April 2003, or Name Protection option is inactive, partners need to login to Web Address Manager in Partner Central to protect those domain names manually.

As the Name Protection service start on 14th April 2003, therefore the domain name registered/transferred before the date will not be protected automatically. You need to contact your domain name provider to protect your domain name.

You will be able to know the status by login to the Web Address Manager. You will be able to view your status by selecting option Name Protection. There are 2 statuses:

• Protect: Enable the Name Protection and the domain name will not be able to change DNS, transfer and deletion.
• Active: Disable the Name Protection and domain name is active for DNS changes, deletion and transfer.

As customer, you are unable to change the status of your domain name. You need to contact your domain name provider to change the status for you.

No, when a domain name is protected, you are unable to transfer your domain name to other registrar or within reseller. Please activate your domain name before transfer.

No, when a domain name is protected, you are unable to delete your domain name. Please activate your domain name before deletion.

No, you are unable to change the DNS setting when your domain name is protected. Please activate your domain name before deletion.

Not necessary. Name Protection will not affect renewal process. You may continue your renewal even though domain name is protected. However, it is advise that you should always activate your Name Protection to protect your name.

Name Protection is not apply to renewal. You still able to renew the domain name even though the domain name is Protected status. It is advise after renewed your domain name, you should activate the Name Protection. Domain name renewal will not be protected automatically after success renewed.

Others than DNS change, other domain name contact information such as name, address, email address etc will still active for changes even though the name is protected.

Domain names with extension .com, .org, .net and .cc can be protected under this new service. As for other extension, it will be implemented in near future.

If your domain name is protected, you will find the WHOIS information shows Status as REGISTRAR-LOCK in Registry WHOIS.

Internationalized domain names (IDN) are domain names represented by native language characters followed by .com or .net (for example: .com).

Registrants will be able to register second-level domain names in .com and .net, through partners of WebNIC.cc ? an ICANN accredited registrar for Verisign IDN.

To use an IDN to navigate to a Web site, the user types the IDN in the browser's address bar or clicks an active link. If the user does not have the i-Nav plug-in, most browsers will require that the user type "www." or "http://" before the IDN. These prefixes will enable the browser to recognize the IDN as a DNS query. The IDN is resolved and the desired Web site appears in the browser.

Since availability of languages is dependent upon Unicode, it would be best to answer this question in Unicode terms from the Unicode site. Many scripts (especially Latin) are used for a very large number of languages. The easiest answer is that Unicode covers all the languages that can be written in the following scripts: Latin; Greek; Cyrillic; Armenian; Hebrew; Arabic; Syriac; Thaana; Devanagari; Bengali; Gurmukhi; Oriya; Tamil; Telegu; Kannada; Malayalam; Sinhala; Thai; Lao; Tibetan; Myanmar; Georgian; Hangul; Ethiopic; Cherokee; Canadian-Aboriginal Syllabics; Ogham; Runic; Khmer; Mongolian; Han (Japanese, Chinese, Korean ideographs); Hiragana; Katakana; Bopomofo and Yi.

All non-English domain names registered during the testbed period will become second level domain names within .com and .net. For example, a Chinese domain name may appear as .com.

Yes. There is no variation from the current capability for domain names to share IP addresses.

We are not in the position and not authorized to resolve or decide on any of the intellectual property disputes surrounding domain name registration. However, the Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP) will be adopted to resolve disputes, including those involving internationalized domain names.

The registrar will use Row-based ASCII-Compatible Encoding (RACE) and valid name prep checks to convert native language characters into ASCII-compliant codes. These ASCII strings will then be sent to the database via an internationalized domain name testbed protocol.

Based on the currently proposed IDN Working Group Internet draft, the encoding will be Row-based ASCII-Compatible Encoding (RACE).

Yes. Hyphens may be used in internationalized domain names. However, just as current standards do not allow names to begin or end with a hyphen, the ASCII transformation cannot begin or end with a hyphen.

The encoded form of the internationalized domain name (including the 4 characters for .com or .net) may contain up to 67 characters. The characters can be letters, numbers, and/or hyphens. Hyphens may not begin or end a domain name. The internationalized domain name transformation software will reject the name if the encoded conversion exceeds the limit.

When in the Zone file, internationalized domain names will appear as the encoded ASCII character string. For example, the RACE encoding of .com will be stored as bq--3blp3fsfkmlfpx2ubu.com.

Internationalized domain names are stored in database as ASCII-compliant RACE codes with .com or .net suffixes.

The steps to register IDN as following:

1. Login to Private Label
2. Fill up the domain name in native/local language & select extension .com/.net. Submit for availability search. Domain will display in native and race code.
3. Continue with fill up other domain name information & submit for registration.

Please note that domain name will be display in race code as well. Please keep the race code for reference.

Just select Transfer feature, fill up race code of domain name and submit for transfer. Please refer to Domain Transfer FAQ for transfer process and information. You may use the Conversion Tool to check on the race code of domain name.

Just select Renewal feature. fill up race code of domain name, and submit for renewal. Please ensure only domain name transferred or registered with Webnic.cc may renew using this feature. You may use the Conversion Tool to check on the race code or native of domain name.

Web Address Manager is the feature available for you to manage your domain name with User ID and password. Please note domain name will be displayed in race code.

You may use the IDN Conversion Tool to find out the native or race code of domain name. A race code shall start with bq-xxxxxxxx.com.

IDN Conversion Tool is a tool to convert IDN domain name from native to race code, or vice versa. . The Conversion Tool is available at domain name registration page. Make sure your IE browser encoding is set as UTF-8 to use this tool.

In WHOIS, the internationalized domain name will appear as it is stored in the database, which is RACE. Here is an example based on the currently proposed IDN Working Group Internet draft:
   bq--gde6djht.com
As the protocol evolves, the beginning of the string (bq--) could change.

Yes. The domain name, registrar name, WHOIS server, referral URL, name server record, and updated date will be recorded using ASCII characters (the current standard).

The RACE representation (and not the native character set) must be sent to the Registry WHOIS. At the beginning of the testbed, an internationalized domain name conversion tool will be available as a bridge until an internationalized domain name

WHOIS capability is available to accept queries using native language character sets. The conversion tool will allow the entry of native characters and will return the accurate RACE string which can then be linked to WHOIS to return WHOIS information.

Domain names are unique registrations for each language. Therefore, a user must request registration information by initiating a WHOIS query for the domain name, in each language (native character set).

1. What is the latest news on the functionality of IDNs? The i-Nav plug-in enables the resolution and display of IDN addresses in Microsoft's Internet Explorer browser. For more information and to download the latest plug-in go to www.idnnow.com. The i-Nav plug-in is free, both to users and to any of our registrar partners who are interested in distributing the i-Nav plug-in in their local area.
2. How does the i-Nav plug-in resolve an IDN? The i-Nav plug-in enables the resolution of an IDN while providing native script retention in the Internet Explorer browser address bar. The i-Nav plug-in needs to be installed only once; thereafter it automatically undertakes all the resolutions locally on your machine and updates itself automatically. For more info on the latest enhancements to the i-Nav plug-in go to www.idnnow.com.
3. What top-level domains (TLDs) are supported by the i-Nav? plug-in? The i-Nav plug-in resolves IDNs in the com, net and jp top-level domains.
4. Who is the audience or intended user for the i-Nav plug-in? The i-Nav plug-in is intended for Internet users, not registrars nor registrants. However, that the added functionality of the software will aid Internet end-users in adopting and using IDNs. This in turn will drive increases in renewal rates and new registrations, all of which benefit the registrars.
5. When is the i-Nav plug-in available? The plug-in for Internet Explorer is available immediately. Note that the plug-in does not require any special registrar implementation or integration.
6. Where can I get the plug-in? The i-Nav plug-in is available at www.idnnow.com.
7. Is there a schedule for deployment of e-mail clients? Currently, we are developing functionality for Outlook and Outlook Express. We will make updates to the deployment schedule as they become available.
8. Do I have to do anything to make sure I have the latest and most updated version? No. The i-Nav plug-in is automatically updated when a new version is available. You do not have to worry about keeping the plug-in up to date.
9. How will the i-Nav plug-in be updated once the IETF publishes IDN standards? The main impact to the i-Nav plug-in after IETF publication of IDN standards is the supported ASCII Compatible Encoding (ACE) version. The Registry IDN Testbed currently uses RACE to represent IDNs in DNS and the i-Nav plug-in supports RACE. The IETF IDN Working Group has recommended a different ACE called punycode. Registry intends to migrate all IDNs in the Testbed to punycode after the punycode RFC is published, and will also update the i-Nav plug-in to use punycode.

1. What are the system requirements for the i-Nav plug-in?
   The i-Nav plug-in currently works on the following platforms:
   1. Wintel based PC running WinNT 4.0, Win98, WinME, Win2000 or WinXP
   2. Internet Explorer? browser v5.0 or v6.x

1. Where can I download the i-Nav plug-in?
   A site has been set up at www.idnnow.com to provide more information to end users and partners alike. Downloads of the latest versions of the plug-in are available from this site.
2. What happens when the user downloads the i-Nav plug-in?
   Download for first-time users are as follows:
   1. After download of the i-Nav plug-in, the user is presented with a License Agreement.
   2. If the user clicks "Accept," the client software is provided to the user in the form of a signed ActiveX control and an install page appears.
   3. If the user clicks "Yes" to accept the software the software is automatically installed and once complete, the i-Nav plug-in opens a new browser window.
   4. After installation, the end user can fully utilize IDNs to navigate and resolve to any web site that supports the Internet standard for IDNs
   To resolve to an IDN-compliant web site:
   1. The user inputs an IDN in the browser's address bar (MS I.E. 5.0 or greater).
   2. The browser transforms the internationalized characters into an ASCII-compatible encoding using name preparation and the RACE encoding process.
   3. It then passes the query to DNS for resolution.
3. Can the end user download the i-Nav plug-in from behind a firewall?
   Yes. The download occurs over HTTP port 80, which is open on most firewalls.

1. Where will the resolution process take place after the i-Nav plug-in has been installed?
   Resolution takes place within DNS. The string is formatted into an ASCII-compatible encoding and then routed to DNS.
2. After the i-Nav plug-in is installed, will it work in Netscape?
   No. At this time the client plug-in only supports Microsoft? Internet Explorer 5.0 and above. Note: if Internet Explorer 5.5 or greater is not installed, the plug-in will not be downloaded.
3. Will I always need the i-Nav? plug-in?
   No. After the IETF publishes standards for IDNs, Registry expects application developers to integrate support for IDNs in their applications (such as Web browsers and e-mail clients). Eventually the functionality provided by the i-Nav plug-in will be supported natively by Internet applications.